Planning of support for individuals Essay

Assess potential issues which could arise from the involvement of several professionals in the planning of support for individuals Care plans are set out and designed to understand a service user’s needs, preference and choices. You must always discuss how they important for empowering them. If you constantly give a service user no choice in what they would like they will stop trying and become independent they will no longer feel they have any worth or value in the care home, and their self-awareness and self-esteem will decrease meaning their self-concept is at a low. They could feel marginalised and pushed out of option. When caring for someone you must make them feel empowered and capable of still doing things on their own otherwise they will give up. There is core principles and values that are also set out to advices cares on how a person should be treated, for example being treated as an individual, this means every person has the right be treat the way they would like to and the norm of how a person should be cared for, example with respect and their dignity maintained. Taking away a patient preference and choice does not treat them as an individual. This limits them from opportunities and chances, which is not what a health and social care professional should or would do. They would try to encourage a person, make sure they do not feel independent or even alone, allow them to make their own decisions on certain things they are entitled too. Ethnic issues could be of a certain religion or someone with ethnical background of rules that means they can’t eat meat, or no blood transfusions etc. Staff members must understand what other possible approaches such as meals or other treatment can be put in place, so the staff should speak to the patient about options. All staff and patients should respect their diverse way of living, in a care plan you would have to include that this person had these circumstances so that anyone who will care for them knows about it, and could make sure the person was treat correctly throughout his life in care. Making sure different religious rules and attitudes are followed extremely carefully so they are not disturbed or feel unwelcome in their own care home. Staff who will care for the patient should always be understood and the care plan always should state his religion and issues which may always occur. For example Pauline is 35 and is in need of dialysis. She is refusing treatment because she is scared of the treatment which she believes is invasive. She has been counselled about the nature of the treatment –Â  there are no alternatives that would be of practical benefit. She is competent to make treatment decisions. She understands that if she refuses she will die. She has a daughter of 15 years who lives at home. The clinician feels very strongly that she should receive treatment but despite numerous attempts to persuade her she refuses. Many issues can arise from that case study. Another issue occurring would be if for example a woman’s religion meant she could not be seen by a male doctor then her lifestyle choice should and would have to be respected and a female member of staff would have to treat her, in replace of the male. This is her individual preference and choice being respected and taken into consideration.

Ishmael essay Essays

Ishmael essay Essays Ishmael essay Essay Ishmael essay Essay Essay Topic: Push Precious Ishmael essay BY 1100205268 Ap World Summer Assignment Dennis Podvidz Coach Floyd Period 1 Floyd 8-10-12 How Agriculture Has Shaped Man assignment 1 Mr. In the novel Ishmael by Daniel Quinn it makes a brave point of how man has taken over Mother Nature and has claimed what is not his due to the fact that Agriculture has shaped man and his potential. In the movie by James Diamond Guns, Germs, and Steel it strikes a similar note in how the taker people compare to the leaver people and how they have more success than the original lifestyle of the leavers. Man has dvanced greatly through the progression of agriculture and from their into their civilization. Though in the end the taker people are starting to destroy themselves and ultimately mother earth. In Ismael and Guns, Germs, and steel it shows how man has progressed and ultimately start to destroy himself because of the agricultural progression of man. The world was made for man, but it took him along time to fgure that out(Quinn: pg 68). That is what was imposed for the novel Ishmael meaning that the whole world revolves around man. Man is why we have cities, technology, architecture and other luxuries. The place where all of this has come from though, has been from the way that man had expanded and how his agriculture had expanded. The idea of agriculture had happened back in the Fertile Crescent because the so-called takers were running out of food to take. They had to settle down and have a source of food to live off of so they could support villages and eventually Increase tnelr populatlon. I ne numan populatlon nas done Just tnat ana for the most part they have thrived, but because of this they have done unthinkable damage. Weve gobbled up irreplaceable resources as though they could never run ut-and we go on gobbling them up(Quinn: pg 80). As the Human Population had found out about the possibilities of farming and staying in one place as opposed to traveling and being gatherers, they have become successful. The success comes with its prices though on the other hand, The Takers had started to get very nasty and disgraceful with the leaver people. They had started to believe that the way to live is to farm and any group of people that does not abide by that rule will ultimately get whipped out when Ishmael clearly stats this when he says miou may no longer live by hunting and gathering. This is Wrong. This is evil. We forbid it. (Quinn: pg 167). As people had started to get greedier they had ultimately wanted more land and more power. The main reason of this power and land was to expand their population and to have growth in their economy. The takers did not have room for the leavers so they had simply had started to kill them off. They had started to kill them of for one simple reason, they needed that land for agriculture, and agriculture ultimately means expansion. Then people had started to feed of the Takers and had brought it into their culture because they see what uccess they have compared to the other leavers. An example of this type of people would have been the Jews. The Jews though had seen the value of the leaver people and they had left the leavers in their culture. The Takers though had a downfall later in the revolution. The Taker people had invested all of their might into the agriculture of the land and had expanded beyond the holding limit of mother earth. In Guns, Germs, and Steel by James diamond he makes a very valid point of why the taker people of the modernized world have so much more technology and an overall better wellbeing than the Native Papua New Guineans. The answer to this question is that the New Guineans are a leaver civilization, they didnt expand and didnt have such technological growth as the taker people, an example of this is cargo. Cargo is what the New Guineans had called the technology and the actual things that the modern world people have. The New Guineans have followed the same way of life since their fist appearance onto mother earth. They are hunter and gatherers and they do very littlie farming. They look as if though they were in the 1000 B. C. E and their culture is very reflective of that as well. They live in large ommunities and they are hunting to get their food and the women are staying home doing all of the work since they are counted less superior to man. The only reason that the New Guineans had not expanded was because they didnt have agriculture and that has pushed them back in the overall evolution of man. In Ismael and Guns, Germs, and Steel it shows how man has progressed and ultimately start to destroy himself because of the agricultural progression of man. The fact of the expansion of the human population had gone back to agriculture. That one step had put us in the position we are now, and the countries that had not aken that step are very behind in the cultural evolution. But the question is, did we take the right step with expanding through agriculture and ultimately killing our resources and Mother Nature? Only time will tell if we will fail or succeed. Diamond, James. Guns,Germs, and Steel Part One. Guns, Germs, and Steel Part One. N. d. Television. Quinn, Daniel. Ishmael: An Adventure of the Mind and Spirit. United States of America: Bantam/Turner, 1995. Print. Evaluatlon 0T How Man created Cltles to Isnmael ana -uns, Germs, ana s assignment 2 All three of these works present a very careful argument pretty much textbook example of the process of posing a research question, making a claim to answer that question, and presenting clear evidence, examples, and support for the claim. Show how each demonstrates this in the following matrix How Man Created Cities Ishmael Guns, Germs, and Steel What is the overall driving question? How did Man Invent cities? Why are things made up to be the way they are? Why do first world countries have so much more cargo than the people of Pupa New Guinea? What is the overall answer? (thesis) Man had invented cities on the fact that the place where the city had originated, that ertain geographical location had been able to supply mans needs. Things are made up to be the way they are because or society is based on a myth that is so deeply rooted into our society that we cant do anything about it and if we do then we make it worse. The people of first world countries have more cargo because they had the ability to farm and have good livestock, which they gained, through geographical location and experience with mother nature. .What are the main claims to support the answer? The place that you would chose to build a city would be place that had a good access to food, water, and shelter. People in our society believe that the people that have other lifestyles than our own are living a very uncivilized lifestyle. The people of the first world countries had wheat and barley as well as good livestock like cows and horses. While the people of Papa New Guinea had some roots and bananas. What evidence is there to support these claims? Examples. You wouldnt build a city in the desert because there is no food, water, or shelter. You would build a city next to a river which would have water to drink, fish to eat, and some type of vegetation to mage shelter out of. People from the first world countries nat are llvlng taker IITestyles tnlnK tnat people 0T tnlra world countrles tnat are llvlng leaver lifestyles are wrong and uncivilized. The first world countries are more developed and carry a much larger population because of the reliable food source. Pastoral (nomadic) Culture vs. Neolithic Agrarian Culture (nomadic) Culture Neolithic Agrarian Culture assignment 3 Pastoral Being any type of nomad is the oldest way of living in the world and it dates back to as far as 6000 B. C The Postaral Nomads Follow a specific pattern to which to graze their livestock and they are constantly on the move They move their livestock ccording to the seasons Each year they go back to the same place they were during that season last year to herd In areas with a decent amount of rainfall, the Pastoral Nomads live in villages that are designed of them to have a more relaxed stay for In the dry seasons the Pastoral Nomads stick to portable tents that they can easily set up and take down The Pastoral Nomads are people that make their own food and dont buy or take from others, they do trade though for other products that would include hard goods The Pastoral Nomads in habit the less fertile regions of the world that receive little ainfall as well The Pastoral Nomads live in the regions of West Africa and Central Asia The Pastoral Nomads are originally based to be part of a warrior culture, because they were despised by people they lived round The Neolithic Agrarians mostly lived in small little groups or tribes They had the chance to acquire livestock so they did Unlike the Pastoral nomad the Neolithic Agrarians had homes that they could settle down and not travel from place to place, most of the homes were built out of mud The Neolithic Agrarians believed in burials and they would usually wait until only ones were left of the dead person and would bury them in-between the houses or even under the floor of the house The Neolithic Agrarians Had lived in Europe since 6400 B. C and in countless other regions across the world like the fertile crescent and the Americas The Neolithic Agrarians had heavily relied on Farming, in earlier times it relied on the region that you were in that the farming was based on, but near the ena all 0T tne T Intake was Ilmltea Ine Neollt lc n Agrarlans were very SKIIlea tool maker and had made tons of tool for many different reasons including farming and weapons Continued Next Page) Catalhoyuk and the Bedouin as Examples Pastoral Example- Catalhoyuk How are the Bedouin an example of a pastoral society? The Bedouins are a prime example of the Pastoral society because they are Nomads. The Bedouins live in counties in the middle east that have a relatively low rainfall and that means fertility. They have their livestock Just as the pastoral Nomads had and they travel with their livestock all the time. The Bedouins dont have a real home Just like the Pastoral Nomads so they Just set up tents and take tents down. Lastly the Bedoui ns travel with the seasons, In the dry season they go to a solid watering hole just as the Pastoral Nomads did. How is Catalhoyuk an example of a Neolithic agrarian society? The Catalhoyuk were much like the Neolithic Agrarians in their plan of living. The Catalhoyuk had made permanent settlements Just as the Neolithic Agrarians did compared to the pastoral nomads. The Catalhoyuk had made their houses out of the same material (mud) as the Neolithic Agrarians did. The Catalhoyuk had also the same burial traditions by letting the body of the dead decay to the bone and then bury them underneath the floor of the house. Lastly the Catalhoyuk had made many tools and had a wide variety of crops River Valley/Foundations Cultures PIRATES Fill in evidence that aligns with the cultural traits listed below. Each column may not be necessarily even, but all should be filled in to some extent. Assingment 4 Cultures Political (Laws, Governance) Intellectual (Math, Science, Philosophic, Ideas) Rellglons Art/Architecture (Forms, styles, uses) Technology Economic (How they make a living-trade, farming etc) Social (Gender relationships, role of women, classes) Shang They had an overall king that that had allowed territory rulers to rule parts of the and in exchange for military support under that was priest class which was in charge of religion and records The People of the Shang dynasty had created a writing system that had over 3,000 symbols, they had also made a 12 month calendar and a decimal system The Shang Dynasty believed in the god Shang-Ti, This god was considered superior to all the other gods The type of art the Shang dynast had were different types of pots, bronze weapons, vessels and hairpins. The Shang dynasty was highly skillful in metalworking and they had created many types of weapons and tools. The Shang Dynasty had made a living y agriculture, the type of cr ops that they had grown were wheat, barley, and other types of grains. The Shang dynasty had classes that went from nobles, to priests, to craftsman to peasants and slaves Harappa The political system of the Harappans is not quite discovered but it is believed to be that their was one main government with rules of the cities to help out The Harappan people were masters in measuring length, mass and time, they were one of the first civilizations that made up as system of weights and measurements The religion that the Harappa civilization believed in was Polytheistic, in this religion ertain animal represent gods The Harappans civilization had large scale urban like settlements; the Harappans had different types of vessels, pottery, and Jewelry. The Harappans were among the first to purify gold and it was also found that they had been some the first people using dental techniques(drilling human teeth) They had a very strong trading system because they would trade their precious artwork with Mesopotamian settlements, making them a well know economic hub, farmed lots of dry grain The Harappans were divided into four classes, learned people, businessmen, warriors, and working class. Women were considered higher up then men Egypt The Egyptians had a main ruler which was the king, under the king was the vizier. I ne vlzler naa ne10 all 0T tne countless projects tnat tne anclent Egyptians naa. The Egyptians had a completely finished numerical system, they were also the first civilization that had shown evidence of mathematical equations The ancient Egyptians had believed in the Divine Kingship, which means that the king is also their god. The architecture in Egypt is some of the famous architecture in the world, The pyramid of Giza is one example, Architects in Egypt were also famous for their recise stone work The Egyptians new how to make ships up to 35 meters long, they also knew how to make glass and many artificial stones The Egyptians had relied heavily on farming, since the rainfall was scarce they had made good use of the Nile for irrigation systems, their main crops were wheat, barley and other grains, but they also had fruits and vegetables Women in ancient Egypt had the same rights as men, but the were treated a lot differently, the woman usually had stayed at home while the men had worked Sumer The Sumerians had a king that had ruled the city state government, the king would ut the laws into effect, but instead of punishing someone physically He would punish them with a fine The Sumerians were the first to make use of math like algebra and geometry, They also were the first that had used numerical order, a nd find the area of a triangle and volume of a cube The Sumerians did not have a specific religion; each state had its own priests and churches. The Sumerians were the first to have the right who to worship The Sumerians had a lack of wooden materials, so in result they had started to build mud houses, if wanting something stronger then you would use brick The Sumerians had been innovators of many tems such as wheels, saws, knives, axes chisels, etc. Many Sumerians had made their living of farming onions, wheat, mustard, lentils, barley etc. hey also traded with many surrounding civilizations Woman in the Sumerian civilization were considered freer than in the other leading civilizations but, the civilization was still in favor of man, the class was mostly divided into a fee person or a slave Chavin In the Chavin civilization to have the power to rule was brought only to a few elite members that had some sort of divine connection The Chavin people were the first eople that had carve d the faces into stone of the deities that they believed in The civilization of the Chavin believe in different types of deities, there are deities for the underworld, food and, the supernatural world The Chavin had created many pieces of art, though to the modern world we cannot understand what they mean, they were meant to be understood only by the chiefs The advancements in technology for the Chavin was their abilities to use abnormal techniques for firing their clay The Majority of the People from the Chavin civilization have been involved with omestication of llamas, they also have some crops including potatoes and quinoa The woman in the Chavin civilization are usually at home caring for the kids while the men are trying to bring home food Olmec The political structure of the Olmec was strongly centralized, this gave power to the elite that would have control over the people The Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican people that would have a calendar, understand the concept of zer o, and create a writing system The Olmecs believed that their priests were the most important fgure and the most sacred fgure The Olmecs make there art out of many OITTerent materlals Inclualng clay ana Dasalt, most 0T tnelr Tlgures represent real IITe things The Olmecs had many types of invented technologies, but the most notable of them all was their geomagnetic lodestone compass The Olmecs were farmers back in their time, they had grown beans, squash, maize, and cotton, they also had done long distance trading The woman of the Olmec had taken care of the children while the men had been out and had brought home the food (Continued Next Page) Venn Diagram Unique toa Culture In Common Among a Majority of the Cultures The Shang dynasty had classes that went from nobles, to priests, to craftsman to easants and slaves The woman of most of these civilizations were considers less dominant then men Most civilizations listed here have some type of agriculture All civilizations worshiped some sort of fgure All civilizations had found out some technology that is still used today Sumer The Sumerians were the first to make use of math like algebra and geo metry, They also were the first that had used numerical order, and find the area of a triangle and volume ofa cube Harappa Chavin The civilization of the Chavin believe in different types of deities, there are deities for the underworld, food and, the supernatural world Egypt The ancient Egyptians had believed in the Divine Kingship, which means that the king is also their god. Olmec The Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican people that would have a calendar, understand the concept of zero, and create a writing system (Continued On Next Page) How does either the Phoenicians or the Minoans compare culturally to the other Foundation cultures? (Your choice of who to use, looking for an in-depth analysis here of at least one page. The Phoenicians are one of the most sought out civilizations in the world and they can be easily compared with the founder cultures. The Phoenicians are people that ave traded countless of precious items (mostly to Greece) that are supplied to the elite; one of t hese items would be vivid purple die that is received from the snail shell. The Phoenician alphabet with its very ideal and strict forms can be compared to the great writing system of the Shangs. The culture of the Phoenicians is a learning culture because they had sat out and had taken in countless information from the ancient Egyptians. Every good civilization has to be able to learn to flourish and prosper above all the rest. The Phoenician civilization had a chance to come out and they did, In about 900 B. C Their was no real strict military power in the region of the Phoenicians so they came out and they started to trade with the surrounding areas. With the population of the Phoenicians rising they had started to expand into the Mediterranean Sea. With the time that the Phoenicians were at the Mediterranean Sea they had become very hefty with their glasswork and had helped out the Egyptians as well. The Phoenicians hold one of the oldest cities in the world, just recently archeologist have found remains of farms and fishermans houses that date back to as far as 7000B. C. To the end of their being in the main groups of ivilizations, the interests of the Phoenicians had become art, religion and trade. If a civilization that is capable to give as much as it is capable to learn then it should have the right to be compared and even be part of the foundation cultures. Conrad Demarest Comparison of Empires assignment 5 Refer to the complete listing of characteristics in the C-D Model before completing this chart. Include specific examples, not generalities. Characteristics Neo-Assyrian Empire Persian Empire 1. Necessary preconditions for the rise of empires†the region must have: a) State- level government b) agricultural potential c) An environmental mosaic

Residential Property Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Residential Property Managment - Essay Example The studies for compilation may include the payments of mortgage, maintenance and costs of management. Advertising is another consideration wherein writing and inserting a classified ad in the newspaper that includes the mentioning of internet including the details which will be most effective enticing the rent as prospective. The property which was being rented may also handle the cancellation of the ads as well. RPM may provide the professional "For Rent" signing the place at the rental property. The handing out to the prospective tenants with free sheets of vacancy is for the purpose of availing the privilege of touring the vacant homes. The screening of tenant may thoroughly screen all the property replies and tenants' screening to pull the credit report and at the same time verify the employment that includes the income as well as interviewing with the last two landlords for verifying the prospective tenant which was considered a good tenant as well as leaving with the last property rental in its good standing. Much screening of the tenants considerably prospective is a very hard activity but the most important in RPM is the placing of good people into the property of investment. Such early Residential Property Management P 4 personal contact, the tenant may receive the establishment of RPM in terms of good relationship which is also considered as dependable. Maintenance is referring to the answer in terms of the complaints in terms of maintenance as well as arranging with the repair work. Most tenants are having access with the emergency number that is twenty-four (24) hours, whenever there may be problem that may occur in the... This paper approves that maintenance is referring to the answer in terms of the complaints in terms of maintenance as well as arranging with the repair work. Most tenants are having access with the emergency number that is twenty-four hours, whenever there may be problem that may occur in the middle of the night. This is adding security to all the tenants as well as the investor with the property to be watched within twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week. Regarding inspections the tenant may even check with the property in terms of conducting with a walk which is through the inspection on such property. This is the way of recording the property condition when the said tenant moves in. This essay makesa conclusion that there is right in receiving the rent for the property’s usage and the right may have the property returned with the not damaged at the rental agreement. This should be returned in the same condition which was received that is in exception of the normal wear and tear. In exchange for the rights, this is the responsibility providing that is habitable and making the repairs when needed. The residence is equipped with smoking detector and the provision which is the batteries’ set and at the same time battery operated. The rights may include the peaceful possession wherein the rent of property may be free from such interference. This means that the entrance is in frequent with odd hours that are without the legitimate reason or such without notice. Such typical right may protect for the property with such reasonable inspection making the repairs and showing the property to the possible buyers.

Discussion Question-Law class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion Question-Law class - Essay Example The motorists whose papers are in order are allowed entry into the neighborhood. Nonetheless, no pedestrians are stopped for frisking. The United States Supreme Court in its responsibility, has failed to provide the guidance necessary to ensure that law enforcing officials, and local authorities, refrain from putting up checkpoints in high crime rate areas. These check points are illegal because they invade people’s privacy that is protected by the fourth amendment of the constitution. The failure of the appellate court has led to the continuation of this practice. Soon enough, it may become a routine in most U.S cities. However, with proper guidance, this can be stopped and the checkpoints will be illegal. In the case, Illinois V Lidster; the Supreme Court was facing a dilemma once again regarding check points. However, this time around authorities were not stopping vehicles in an attempt to curb crime rates but were doing so to interrogate motorists about a driver who had caused an accident (hit-and-run driver) and was at large. Joseph Pytel was the victim. He had been hit by a car when he was riding his bike. The driver of the car that hit him did not stop to identify himself hence the checkpoints were put in place. Police tried locating the driver, but after two days, their attempts were futile. They then decided to erect the check points to obtain more information from motorists. Later on Robert Lidster, a random motorist who had no knowledge at all about the accident came to the check point and was asked to stop. He did stop and was questioned briefly. However, he got fed up and started to drive away. In the process, he nearly hit a police officer. His car was swerving. The police officer noted Lidster’s erratic driving and asked for his license and registration. He was put under sobriety tests, which he did not pass. Subsequently, he was arrested for driving under the influence. The jury at the trial courts found Robert Lidster guilty

International Affairs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

International Affairs - Essay Example Now when universities will not include international affairs program in their offered courses, how come grant makers would realize the need of funding in this area. That's why when we try to search universities offering postgraduate education in International affairs program; we mostly find public universities offering programs in this area. The second thing is that the grants are normally given to the people who are pursuing degrees in the field of science management and medicines since according to their perception they contribute directly to the development and well being of the country. There is not much realization among funding individuals and organization that international affairs programs hold key importance when it comes to serving country and people with the knowledge. But still there are some scholarships and funding programs which are open to almost all kind of studies and so for International Affairs program too such as FulBright scholarship program awarded by FulBright US. But they require some limitation for serving period after the completion of program. "An extensively details form is required to be filled in by the applicant with supporting original documents. These things are sent to the committee that examines the form look for the merit of the candidate and offer him or her scholarship if they find it appropriate" (FulBright, 2005). "Our goal is to establish an institute for international public policy. This institute shall conduct a program to significantly increase the numbers of African Americans and other under represented minorities in the international service" (Higher Education Act, 2003). But this grant is not directed towards the students rather they are given to the institutes and then students can contact those institutes for the scholar ships programs.Rotary International is another organization which has considerations towards this area and is offering tremendous support in the form of scholarships and fellowships to international affairs students. They are also offering their own developed programs for studies in this area such as Rotary Peace and Conflict Resolution Program. "Located in seven leading universities around the world, Rotary Centers provide Fellows the chance to study in a master's level program in conflict resolution, peace studies, international relations, and other related discipl ines" (Rotary, 2005). World Affair Council is also offering programs in International studies, both short term and long term, in partnerships with universities as well as self developed program. Their associations with United Nations' organizations enable them to offer program and scholarships students and professionals from all over the world (World Affairs Council, 2003). NAFSA, the association of international educators also provides grants, scholarships and training programs with the help of their member individuals and universities in the field of International studies. Along with that they also provide complete information and guidance in providing the students with the knowledge how to get a scholarship and grant available for

Was America Discovered or Invaded Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Was America Discovered or Invaded - Essay Example Invasion or intrusion on the other hand can basically be viewed as a forced entry or unauthorized interference with people’s way of life and introducing some new phenomenon which might violate the coexistence. Again, the subject of definition will also depend on the nature of entry and whether the locals appreciate the new phenomenon or not. Supporting Mark Twain and his observations on writing of history, arguably perceiving new ideas from the â€Å"beneficially† point of view, that is, looking at the aspects brought about by invasion rather than re-writing it from the personal or society’s achievements point of view, will make someone look at history from below. For instance, indemnification of injustices and insults by invaders may not be mutually agreed or assented but transmitting those events in a â€Å"new perspective† to make it look like you were in control at the time will be much more satisfying. According to Dussel, â€Å"the current struggles of second emancipation in the process of liberation in a bid to restore independence through historical indemnification†, can be defined as looking history from below as majority of the oppressed were not aware of their historic relevance and course of action by then (132). Depending on how one visualizes his current environment and how much he can influence it; through discovering and letting people around realize the new aspects of their environment, then he/she can re-write history â€Å"from above†. This is through presentation of â€Å"self-fulfilling† aspects of an event or a product from his/her understanding. Addressing issues of â€Å"I discovered, I conquered, and I evangelized from an intruder point of view, requires much subjectivity and justifications of what one has achieved to claim that. For instance the claim that the Europeans â€Å"think† that â€Å"discovering† a new territory becomes a mere valuable object is irrational and fi lled with prejudice brought about by ego (128). Discovering a territory that you found habitants in does not make sense. It only makes it look more insulting and biased. The assumption of the â€Å"new territory† clicks a notion that the inhabitant were not living and if at all they were living then they did not â€Å"realize† their lives. The misconception of â€Å"civilization and evangelization† from the people who would later torture their men who tried to regain the lost independence of their oppressed people to allow women and youngsters to win the war. Furthermore, approaching history in the discovery perspective, there are incomplete parameters in perspective dominance when writing is full of prejudice. Approaching evangelization and civilization from the insults point of view and the reprisals suffered during revolts diverts our perception on the view of our functional importance to the development of our history. Semantically approaching history from t he invasion aspect will divert the appreciative aspect of the natives in realizing their relevance of making history and can result into violation of honor and reputation by over reliance on the oppression aspect. For instance,

Marketing Sustainable Operation and Development

Marketing Sustainable Operation and Development Zhang Xia Field of Research This research will be carried out in the field of marketing, economic, and theme restaurant. Topic of Research The topic of this proposed dissertation is titled: The Marketing Sustainable Operation and development of Theme Restaurant in China Brief Literature Review of the Topic Along with the increasing requirements of customers on dining experiences, theme restaurants have become a trend in F B service industry. Numerous entrepreneurs and investors are attracted by this new concept and want to adventure in this business. It seems that a theme restaurant business will have a bright future. However, with only a short term of popularity at the initial stage, most of them had to close down. Only a few of the theme restaurant manage to sustain in the market, developed their own customer groups and grow rapidly. Based on the previous studies, this thesis attempts to carve out a way of stable operation and sustainable development for theme restaurants from the perspectives of marketing strategic, customer value and corporate life cycle through comparison, illustration and analysis. (Ai, D, S, 1997) With rapid economic growth and high standard of living, food and beverage industry has develop tremendously. Some of the consumers expect to the environment and ambient when they consume the products. Current consumers are interested not only in buying products but also to have feeling enjoyment and fulfilling experiences while dining out. Customers prefer to have a unique and distinctive experience under a certain atmosphere that is different from common restaurant. When experience economy encounter restaurant, theme restaurant is born. However, theme restaurant sustainable development not really optimistic in the marketing. F B industry has been developing for so long but certain restaurant facing big challenge to capture the consumers and to sustain in the market. Compared with others, homogeneity is very serious in dining business. Theme restaurant makes customer active participator instead of passive recipient comes with the tide of fashion. Theme restaurant can be simply defined as a dining place marked with one (usually) or more themes based on which all the structure, decoration, design, product, service etc. are created to produce a particular cultural atmosphere that can be recognized and felt by customers. There are three main idea from researchers of theme restaurants in China. First, the main ideal, this view consider theme as a carrier of operation which is mainly used to attract customers. However the food is still the main concern in the restaurant. Second, the core ideal, the function of theme is created by the need and want of the consumers. They affirm the primary status of theme based on which all the other elements in restaurant will be defined, such as dish, menu, space design, decoration, color, music, service, marketing strategy and so on. Third is the experience that the customers will feel while dining in the restaurant which the ambiance is different from other restaurant. Emphasizes the unique and memorable emotional experience and psychological experience customers can get from different theme environments, service and cooked food. Researchers turn their sights from suppliers to receivers, from restaurateurs to consumers. (Fu, Y, 2012) Theme restaurants are established on niche market. Each theme restaurant is its own given theme, a specific culture, and a unique style, exclusiveness is more or less inevitable. In addition, the average expenditure is relatively high. As a consequence, the customer source of theme restaurant is much more limited than traditional ones. For example, enthusiasm and curiosity of music lovers are easily sparked by Hard Rock Cafe, but when facing a restaurant with football or sea world theme, they may show more calmness and rationality. What they can obtain is not only delicious food and considerate service, but also a taste of exclusiveness and privilege, a perception of emotional and psychology identification. In 1970, Alvin Toffler came up with experience economy in his book Future Shock. From his view, after product economy and service economy, human being will enter an Experience Economy Era. Then Pine, J, B. and Gilmore, J, H confirmed this prediction and further developed Alvin’s idea by publishing their work Experience Economy in 1999. They described an experience occurs when a company intentionally uses services as the stage, and goods as props, to engage individual customers in a way that creates a memorable event. Commodities are fungible, goods tangible, services intangible, and experiences memorable. In answer to consumers’ desire for experience, more and more businesses engage on considering how to design experiences and promote them. The famous Disney Park should be one of the most typical and successful cases of experience economy. Experience is identified as the fourth economic offering that is distinct from service as service is from goods. Like goods and services, experiences have their own distinct qualities and characteristics and present their own design challenges. Five key experiences design principles are summarized by Pine, J, B. and Gilmore, J, H: Theme the like-to-deliver experience Harmonize impression Offer positive cues and eliminate negative cues Mix in memorabilia Engage all five senses Experience is essentially a form of behavior where feeling plays an important part. The state of emotions always affects on how an individual deals with surrounding environment. Experiences are not static like products but variable. Experiences occur in a process where interactions take place under a certain setting both physical and virtue between the individuals. Boswijk, A, Thijssen, T, and Peele, E (2007) describe characteristics from the perspective of individual in A New Perspective on the Experience Economy. Every meaningful experience should satisfy all of these characteristics: There is a heightened concentration and focus, involving all one‘s senses. One‘s sense of time is altered. One is touched emotionally. The process is unique for the individual and has intrinsic value. There is contact with the raw stuff the real thing. One does something and undergoes something. There is a sense of playfulness One has a feeling of having control of the situation. There is a balance between the challenge and one‘s own capacities. There is a clear goal. Objectives of the research Theme restaurant concept meet the current consumer demand. When compared with other normal restaurant, theme restaurant has it own advantages and disadvantage. Theme restaurant is a result of catering reform, a symbol of economy developing into a certain advanced stage. In the development stage in the market, theme restaurant markets in most major western countries has enter the maturity stage. Theme restaurant had not appeared in domestic market until late 20th century. Apart from few amount, small scale, and limited types, kinds of stubborn defects and unceasing problems are also annoying. Due to many constraint in sustaining theme restaurant such as limited kind of food, not so attractive themes and increasing of overhead , business restaurant owner find it very difficult to manage. Many restaurant close down within a year, part of them survive, and only a few of them make a hit. What makes all the differences? (Tong, J, Q, 2008) From economics rules we should understand every product has its life cycle in market. Ron Paul concludes that the life cycle of theme restaurant is even shorter than expected. Does it mean theme restaurant has high risk to be well operated? Of course not, every industry has its risk, just at different levels. Business enjoying low risk cannot be guaranteed safe and profitable all the time. Conversely, business facing high risk also can succeed only if equipped with scientific management and adaptive strategies. The truth is that it is impossible to allow life cycle of one theme restaurant extend infinitely. But it is achievable to make full use of resources, to optimize structure, rationalize operation, and keep vitality to the maximum. Methodology of Research Based on the topic, which is the marketing sustainable operation and development of theme restaurant. I will choose qualitative methodology for the research. Qualitative methodology explanatory paradigm which supports the view that there are many truths and multiple realities. This type of paradigm focuses the integral perspective of the person and environment which is more coincident with the nursing discipline (Weaver and Olson, 2006). Additionally, the explanatory paradigm is associated more with methodological approaches that provide an opportunity for the voice, concerns and practices of research participants to be heard (Cole, 2006; Weaver and Olson). Cole further argues that qualitative researchers are â€Å"more concerned about uncovering knowledge about how people feel and think in the circumstances in which they find themselves, than making judgments about whether those thoughts and feelings are valid†. Since, Theme restaurant sustainable operation development have d ifferent method, depends the specific theme and customer. Literature Research Method By collecting and reading pertinent literature, data and material to develop a comprehensive understanding about related theories and empirical studies including theme restaurant’s definition, characteristics, defects, history, status quot, future prospects and so on. To summarize its strengths and weaknesses, achievements and challenges. To clear the relationship between theme restaurant and experience economy, culture, and consumer psychology. Case Analysis Method By analyzing and interpreting typical successful cases and fail lessons in recent years to find out influencing factors on operating state of theme restaurants in domestic catering market. To extract efficacious and practical suggestions or cautions. To come up with strategies assisting restaurateurs achieve sustainable development and extending life cycle. Interview Survey Method Interview survey is the most important part of this research. Investigating several representative theme restaurants in China to get first-hand data. To provide supplementary information, exam reliability and feasibility of proposed recommendations. I will design the interview questions, according to the theory. That are experiences design principles are summarized by Pine, J, B. and Gilmore, J, H, and Boswijk, A, Thijssen, T, and Peele, E, (2007) describe characteristics from the perspective of individual in A New Perspective on the Experience Economy. According to Creswell (2003; 2007) includes (a) the preparation for the interview, (b) the constructing effective research questions, and (c) the actual implementation of the interview. Preparation for interview: McNamara (2009) applies eight main points to the preparation stage of interviewing which includes the following ingredients: (1) choose a setting with little distraction; (2) explain the objectives of the interview; (3) address terms of confidentiality; (4) explain the format of the interview; (5) indicate how long the interview usually takes; (6) tell them how to get in touch with you later if they want to; (7) ask them if they have any questions before you both get started with the interview; and (8) dont count on your memory to recall their answers (Preparation for Interview section, para. Selecting participants: Creswell (2007) discusses the importance of selecting the appropriate candidates for interviews. In my research I will choose the theme restaurant owners to do interview. At same time, the owners of normal restaurant also important for my research. The research questions designing for the interview process is one of the most crucial elements to interview design. I desiring to conduct such an investigation should be careful that each of the questions will allow the examiner to dig deep into the experiences or knowledge of the participants in order to gain more data from the interviews. There are several recommendations for creating effective research questions for interviews which includes the following elements: Wording should be open-ended, respondents should be able to choose their own terms when answering questions. Questions should be as neutral as possible, avoid wording that might influence answers, e.g., evocative, judgmental wording. Questions should be asked one at a time. Questions should be worded clearly, this includes knowing any terms particular to the program or the respondents culture. And be careful asking why questions. (McNamara, 2009) As with other sections of interview design, some recommendations for the implementation stage of the interview process.It includes the following tips for interview implementation: occasionally verify the tape recorder is working. Ask one question at a time. Attempt to remain as neutral as possible, dont show strong emotional reactions to their responses. Encourage responses with occasional nods of the head, uh huhs, etc.. Be careful about the appearance when note taking (that is, if you jump to take a note, it may appear as if youre surprised or very pleased about an answer, which may influence answers to future questions). Provide transition between major topics, e.g., weve been talking about (some topic) and now Id like to move on to (another topic); Dont lose control of the interview (this can occur when respondents stray to another topic, take so long to answer a question that times begins to run out, or even begin asking questions to the interviewer) (Turner, D, W, 2010) Work Schedule Sample Checklist Month Refine topic with tutors 1, 2 Create a work schedule 2 Review the literature 3, 4, 5 Select analytical method 6 Draft proposal 7,8 Pilot test methodology 9 Schedule data collection, begin collection 10, 11, 12 Data entering into SPSS 13 Analyze and interpret the data 14 Update literature review 15 Write conclusions and implications 16 Submit the research draft to tutors 17 Schedule, prepare for and take oral exam 18 Bibliography Ai, D, S(1997), The Enterprise Life Cycle [M]. China Social Sciences Press Boswijk, A, Thijssen, T, and Peele, E, (2007), A New Prospective on Experience Economy, Pearson Education. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry research design: Choosing among five approaches, (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Fu, Y. (2012),Theme Restaurants the Problems Existing in the Management and Development Strategy in China , Business Culture Journal, pp04. Hsieh, T, F, (2009), Interactive Quality Control of Service Encounters in Theme Restaurants, Taiwan, The Journal of Global Business Issues – Volume 3 Issue 2 McNamara, C. (2009). General guidelines for conducting interviews. Retrieved January 11, 2010, from http://managementhelp.org/evaluatn/intrview.htm Pine, J, B. and Gilmore, J, H. 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